Characteristics of Homeless Women with Dependent Children

Abstract

Large community initiatives are a growing phenomenon both in the U.S. and worldwide. These initiatives address a wide variety of issues, including early childhood development, by integrating institutions such as schools, health agencies, and faith-based institutions that focus on separate but related aspects of community concern. A major challenge facing these initiatives is the competing demands of developing organizational capacity to promote effective programming while simultaneously delivering demonstrable results and accountability. Empowerment evaluation (Fetterman, Kaftarian, &; Wandersman, 1996) is an approach to evaluation and organizational capacity building that equips participants at all levels of an organization to pursue programming quality and results. This article describes and presents lessons learned from the development and implementation of a system of tools and processes, grounded in the principles of empowerment evaluation, designed to promote quality in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a statewide school readiness initiative. While these lessons are specifically applicable to community-based early childhood development initiatives, they are broadly applicable to initiatives fostering systems change through community development.     

Republican China: Chaos,Process, and Revolution*

A pivotal figure in the birth of Chinese cinema, Zheng Zhengqiu (鄭正秋 1889–1935) established an art of dramatic film integral to the creation of early Chinese motion pictures. His style incorporated unique cross-media perspectives, producing theatrical works fundamentally grounded in his experiences in graphic arts (illustrated news) and theater. This article focuses on crucial links between Zheng's films and his work for various illustrated newspapers, as well as between his stage plays and his own experience of family life. The author offers new approaches to and interpretations of Zheng's art, analyzing his emotional modes of narrative and provocative forms of engagement. These artistic traits are rarely discussed in contemporary scholarship on his contributions to Chinese cinema. Emerging during the 1911 Revolution, Zheng's sensational style of drama aimed to foster broad social and cultural reforms. For Zheng, art was never for art's sake alone; instead, art was always in the service of society.     

以重点人员为中心治安情报预警机制初探

以重点人员为中心治安情报预警新机制,就是通过利用现代网络信息技术,充分发挥重点人员的单元信息标签作用,使治安情报信息关联化、有序化和优质化,从而提高治安情报预警的效率、效益和效果,提高治安工作的主动性、针对性和科学性。构建以重点人员为中心的治安情报预警新机制,就要以重点人员为信息关联中心,打牢情报信息收集基础,抓好情报分析研判关键环节,充分发挥情报预警预防作用。     

IS THE ANTISOCIAL CHILD FATHER OF THE ABUSIVE MAN? A 40‐YEAR PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL ANTECEDENTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE*

This prospective longitudinal study examined whether early childhood risk factors contributed to explaining and predicting intimate partner violence (IPV) in midadulthood. Participants included 202 men from the Cambridge longitudinal study who were in an intimate relationship in their mid‐40s. Neuropsychological deficits and the presence of a criminogenic family environment were measured between ages 8 and 10. Antisocial behavior was measured between ages 8 and 18. IPV was measured at age 48 using a self‐report instrument completed by the participants' female partners. Perpetration and victimization rates were relatively high; violence was mostly mutual, and men were more likely to be victims than perpetrators. Findings indicate that a criminogenic environment increases the risk of IPV by fostering the development of antisocial behavior and neuropsychological deficits. A link also exists between a high level of antisocial behavior during adolescence and the risk of IPV later in life. The results suggest the presence of both continuity and discontinuity of antisocial behavior as childhood risk factors that increase the likelihood of future involvement in IPV, but the role of these risk factors is modest.     

Predictability of Physical and Psychological Violence by Early Adverse Childhood Experiences

Early Adverse Childhood experiences (ACEs) in families of origin can take the form of witnessing it and/or being its victim, both of which can lead to the occurrence of domestic violence. Given such close linkage, the purpose of the present study was to determine the predictive abilities of ACEs regarding specific types of physical and psychological violence. To do so, 50 couples from those referred to five different family courts in Tehran to seek divorce due to domestic violence, were randomly selected and administered an author’s-made questionnaire assessing different types of physical and psychological violence and the participant’s history of abuse by their parents. Our findings showed that witnessing domestic violence in childhood can predict different types of physical and psychological violence, but mostly could account for “hitting” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Similarly, being the victim of domestic violence mostly accounted for predict “strangling” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Such results are discussed in the context of the existing literature and underscore ACEs importance in terms of their predictive ability of various types of physical and psychological violence.     

论幼儿交往生活的缺失

交往对于幼和的成长具有重要意义,它不仅是幼儿情感、个性发展的重要条件,也是幼儿整个生活的组成部分。幼儿之间的理解以及幼儿对成人的理解、成人对幼儿的理解,都必然通过交往活动来实现。然而,幼儿的上境和幼儿教育的现实,造成了幼儿交往生活的缺失,其主要表现在功利社会背景下幼儿正常交往生活的剥夺,竞争状态下幼儿的孤立化,城市化生活中幼儿交往活动的丧失以及独生子女教育策略的失调。满足幼儿的交往权利是教育的重要职责之一。     

Scrutinising European Union legislation in light of subsidiarity: the Maltese Parliament

ABSTRACT

One of the main objectives of the Lisbon Treaty was to increase the democratic legitimacy of the European Union (EU). Member state parliaments were, therefore, equipped with new tools for monitoring compliance of EU draft laws with the principle of subsidiarity. The aim of this article is to shed some light on the unicameral Maltese Parliament’s ex ante subsidiarity scrutiny of European legislation. Based on the island’s historical and cultural background, the Kamra tad-Deputati confers great importance to the application of subsidiarity, although it is still in its learning curve over the rapid and effective implementation of such procedures.     

‘The film gone male’: women and the transition to sound in the British film industry 1929–1932

ABSTRACT

Taking its cue from Dorothy Richardson’s essay, ‘The Film Gone Male’ written for the critical, Left-wing British film publication Close Up in 1932, this article looks at women working in the British film industry during the transition from silent to sound cinema between 1929 and 1932. It considers the effects of new sound technology on women’s roles in front of and behind the camera from production to reception and critique. It also questions whether sound technology further marginalised women as producers of cinema and interrogates whether synchronised sound masculinised film as Richardson asserted.     

清末民初马克思主义在中国的早期传播研究（1899-1912）

清末民初出版业态的变革引发思想文化传播的革命性变化，马克思主义开始在中国传播。日本和法国是清末民初马克思主义向国内传播的两个重要渠道。马克思主义在中国的早期传播历经了从零碎译介到选择性传播的转变，部分马克思主义术语实现了跨语境转换。马克思主义在中国早期传播的主体是多元的，传播者因政治立场和目标不同，在传播内容的选择上有差异。总的来看，阶级斗争学说和政治经济学说被译介的要早一些，马克思主义在中国的早期传播因此存在“梯次传播”的现象。马克思主义在中国的早期传播促进了先进知识分子主体意识的觉醒，为中华民族历史命运的改变孕育了新动力。     

丽藻穷雕饰：论唐初诗歌对藻饰之美的追求

在初唐前期诗坛,传统儒家"雅"、"颂"的诗歌观念的复归并没有影响到当时诗人在诗歌艺术领域里的探求,"丽藻穷雕饰"成为诗人们的共同创作观念和努力目标;与此同时,"清辞巧制"也为诗人普遍接受.这使得在艺术风貌上,此一时期的诗歌表现出追求辞藻的雕琢、体制的精巧和诗风的清雅等鲜明特征.